Researches

No

Paper Title

Researchers

Abstract

Journal

Vol. No.

Date

1

The effect of laser power, blood perfusion, thermal and optical properties of human liver tissue on thermal damage in LITT

Prof Khalid Salem

Prof. Dr. Mohammed abdulwahhab

Lateef HA

In this work, the finite-element method (FEM) was used to predict the temperature distribution, and the thermal damage volume in human liver tissue subjected to laser in laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT). The effect of laser power, blood perfusion, and thermal and optical properties on maximum temperature and thermal damage volume were predicted using the finite-element method. A computer program was written in visual basic language, which was verified by comparing its result with data published elsewhere. The bio-heat equation together with the effect of linear laser source were used to simulate heat transfer through tissue from which the temperature distributions, and the subsequent thermal damage, were obtained based on Arrhenius equation. In this mathematical model for LITT, it was found that increasing laser power, absorption, and scattering coefficient increased the damage zone while increasing tissue water content, perfusion rate, and tissue anisotropy factor decreased the damage zone. These findings are important aspects for doctors in the pre-estimation of the damage zone before starting the therapy so as to kill only the desired zone.

Lasers Med Sci

Vol.32, No.9

-17 Sep.

2

TRANSIENT ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION AND FRACTURE LIMITS IN PULSED SOLID STATE LASER ROD

Prof Khalid Salem

Prof. Dr. Mohammed abdulwahhab

Dr. Mohammed Abdulrazzaq

Luma Hassan

The exact analytical solution of axis-symmetry transient temperature and Tresca failure stress in pulsed mode solid state laser rod is derived using Integral transform method. The result obtained from this work is compared with previously published data and good agreement is found. The effect of increasing period is studied, and it is found that at constant pulse width as the period is increased, the allowable pumping power is increased too. Furthermore, the effect of changing pulse width with a constant period is studied, and it is found that as the pulse width is increased, the allowable pumping power is decreased. The effect of duty cycle is studied also and it is found that as duty cycle is increased the allowable pumping power is decreased. This work permits proper selection of pulse width, period and duty cycle to avoid laser rod fracture while obtaining maximum output laser power in the designing of laser system.

THERMAL SCIENCE

Vol.21, No.4

17 Sep

3

Underwater Wireless Optical Communication System Modulate 532nm along 7m by DD/IM

Mazin Ali Ahmed

Salah aldeen Adnan

Araff abdulrahman

MaHA Sadeq

In this paper experimentally investigated error-free underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system over 7m path in laboratory tap water with up to 46.808dB and BER less than 2.487×10-6. The laser diode source of wavelength 532 nm with 50mW has modulated by intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) technique, BER and S/N have inspected in an underwater optical wireless communication channel with five different water channels types. These are tap water, different concentration of Maalox (Mg(OH)2 and Al(OH)3) in order to obtain high turbid water and salt with Maalox. The analysis of BER has achieved for pulse width modulation (PWM) to transmit a text from optical transmitter to receiver. Results shows that salt and Maalox content decreases the received power, S/N and increase in BER. Also, that 532nm wavelength is the suitable choice for a clear water channel.

Electrical Engineering

113(2017)

17 Dec

4

Transporting 8 × 10 Gbps WDM Ro-FSO Under Various Weather Conditions

Mazin Ali Ahmed

Salah aldeen Adnan

Sarah Ali

Radio overfree space optics (Ro-FSO) is a modern communication technique that promises a development future. In this paper, WDM Ro-FSO communication system has designed (10 Gbps×8λ) for transmissions 80 Gbps data rate via the largest possible distance under clear air, heavy rain, and heavy fog atmosphere conditions of FSO link, with test the best wavelengths performance of (193.1 to 93.8) THz that each one (wavelength) carry 10 Gbps by employ BER analyzer at receiver channels. The electric signals produced by phase shift keying (PSK) modulation technique modulated the information (10 Gbps) on RF signal (20 GHz). The results of transporting 80 Gbps were 5 km under clear air weather condition, 1.2 km under heavy rain, and 0.2 km under heavy fog condition. Finally, the different wavelengths that carry high-value data rate are tested by measurement of the BER and Q factor for each received channel, and the theoretical model of PSK modulation is analyzed.

Journal of Optical Communications

Vol. 38, issue 4

17 Dec

5

Investigating The Performance Of Underwater Wireless Optical Communication with Intensity Modulation Direct Detection Technique

Mazin Ali Ahmed

Salah aldeen Adnan

Maha Sadeq

Ahmed Jeead

In this paper, the BER and losses are inspected experimentally in an underwater optical wireless communication system (UWOC) with different water types. Results show that salt and Maalox content increase BER and power losses.

OSA conference Optical Society America 2017

ISBN:978-1-943580-36-1

17 Nov

6

Investigating Link Budget of Underwater Wireless Optical Communication with Intensity Modulation Direct Detection Technique

Mazin Ali Ahmed

Salah aldeen Adnan

Maha Sadeq

Ahmed Jeead

In this paper, we experimentally investigated power and S/N of error-free underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system over 7m link in laboratory tap water. Results show that salt and Maalox content decreases the received power.

OSA conference Optical Society America 2017

ISBN:978-1-943580-36-1

17 Nov

7

An Investigation on Optical Measuring Systems using Different Types of Optical Fibre Links and Performance of Optical Sensors

Muthana Ammar

international journal of science and research

volume7, Issue1

18 Jan

8

Theoretical Analysis of Fiber Bragg Grating Tunable Filter Utilizing Tensile /Compression Technique

Ayad Zweyan

Bdula Khudaier abass

Dyalia Journal

Vol.11, No.2

18 June

9

Study the Dye Decolorization of Wastewater Using Bentonite, H2O2, Ultrasonic and Laser Techniques

Ayad Zwaeen

Ali Shareef Hamadi

H.A.M. Redha

The bentonite is an adsorbent material that is used frequently in industrial fields. bentonite was used with laser to treat wastewater, when laser is a new technique that has ability to remove the dye. Using of laser as a source to refresh with high efficiency has the important in industrial field.In this study laser diode with power 50 mw, He-Ne laser with power 10 mw and DPSSL with power 500 mw were used with the help of ultrasonic bath and H2O2 to promote the work of the laser. AFM and FTIR testing were made to bentonite to study the characteristics of it. Minitab program was used to facilitate calculations and choose the optimum parameters of experiments. The optimum input conditions of experiments to remove the dye from wastewater were chosen. The best concentration of bentonite is 4 g/l, the best temperature of wastewater is 42◦C, the best time of work is 27 min and the best concentration of H2O2 is 10%. It found from study that the increase of each parameters cause decrease in output concentration of wastewater. The accuracy of work was determined from Minitab program, it was 94.54%.

Engineering and Technology Journal

vol.36, issue1 -A

18 Feb

10

Design Study of Leak Detection System and the Protection of Crude Oil Pipelines

Ayad Zwaeen

Bushraa rzuqee

A.H. Ajlan

In this paper, the Oil leakage sensor utilized photonics crystal fiber interferometer (PCFI) is proposed and experimentally investigated. The principle of operation of this sensor is detected the gas emission from pipe. This sensor is operate in transmission mode which designed by splicing the LAM-10 PCF with single mode fiber (SM) with two side. To increase the sensitivity of this sensor the splice region is coated by special polymer doping by nano sliver silver particles to increase the sensitivity. The experimental result s shows the sensitivity of fabricated sensor is high, and the response time is very short reach to 2min the max sensitivity is equal to (62 Co./sec ). Due to the low fiber loss, the sensing range can be as high as 1 km.

Engineering and Technology Journal

volume 35, issue 9-A

17 Dec

11

Oil Leakage Detection Using Various Thicknesses Technique

Ayad Zwaeen

Bushraa rzuqee

Aseel Hussein

Solid core PCF (LMA-10) is dependent which based on the principle of the Mach Zender interference to detect the leakage of oil bearing pipes. The basic structure of the sensor includes small pieces with different lengths of the solid core photonic Crystal fiber spliced with the using traditional single mode fibers (SMF-25) by molten splice in both sides. The air holes at the fusion zone are completely collapsed, allowing the core cladding patterns to irritate and recombine the core cladding.The pipes different thickness causes wavelengths shifting and variation in the sensor intensity. The immediate phenomenon caused by erosion is the pipeline wall thickness decreasing. The pipeline wall thickness decreasing could be reflected by the obtained hoop strain depending on the theory principle that hoop strain is proportion conversely with pipeline wall thickness. The PVC and the steel pipe patterns are utilized to simulate the pipeline with uniform erosion. In this paper a sensor of three different length is used (2, 2.5, 3) cm and examined to know the most sensitive sensor to pipe thickness change <Leak> at temperature (36 ° C) where the leakage is known by a change in the external intensity or radiation deviation to the red shift area, and the calculation of the stress generated by cracks which is inversely proportional to the pipe wall thickness. The experimental results show that the sensor of the highest sensitivity is the second sensor 2.5 cm where it is about 0.31 for metal pipe and 0.25 for polymer pipe.

ADVANCES in NATURAL and APPLIEDSCIENCES

Vol. 11, No.14

18 Feb

12

OIL LEAKAGE DETECTION USING TEMPERATURE CHANGING TECHNIQUE

Ayad Zwaeen

Bushraa rzuqee

International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technolog

volume 7

18 Mar

13

Effects of atmospheric turbulence on the imagining performance of optical system

Abdul Hadi Moneem

Eman Yousif

Fatin Zain

Ghada Sabah Karam

Abaas Al-Saedi

Turbulent effects are very complicated and still not entirely understood. Light waves from an astronomical object are distorted as they pass through the atmosphere. The refractive index fluctuations in the turbulent atmosphere induce an optical path difference (OPD) between different parts of the wavefront, distorted wavefronts produce low-quality images and degrade the image beyond the diffraction limit. In this paper the image degradation due to 2-D Gaussian atmospheric turbulence is considered in terms of the point spread function (PSF), and Strehl ratio as an image quality criteria for imaging systems with different apertures using the pupil function teqneque. A general expression for the degraded PSF in the case of circular and square apertures (with half diagonal = π2  ⎯ ⎯ ⎯  √ π2, and 1) diffraction limited and defocused optical system is considered. Based on the derived formula, the effect of the Gaussian atmospheric turbulence on circular and square pupils has been studied with details. Numerical results show that the performance of optical systems with square aperture is more efficient at high levels of atmospheric turbulence than the other apertures.

American Institute of Physics

Volume 1968, Issue 1

25/05/2018

14

Borosillicate and polyrethane as materials for lenses to correct human presbyopia

Abdulhadi Moneem

Haiuder hassan

Rajaaa abdulameer

Maha. R. Abdul-Hussein

Start your abstract here The novel of this paper is, using gradient refractive index and spherical surfaces to design a bifocal polyurethane lens with single power instead of the previous designs, which consist of two lens with different powers to correct the vision of near and medium distances at the same time. Presbyopia occurs naturally as eyes age and the structure of the lens responsible for focusing images changes. Presbyopia treatments include corrective lenses like eyeglasses known as progressive lenses. The aims of this work were to evaluate the performance of the human eye after the treatment by using different gradient refractive glass materials. Zemax was used to design an optical system for human eye based on Liu & Brennan model. Two types of optical materials, namely, borosilicate and polyurethane, were selected to design a multifocal lens. The effects of these materials on the performance of the human eye were compared to select the best material. Three different criteria were used; minimum root mean square error, the modulation transfer function and the diffraction image analysis. Modulation transfer function and root mean square Results show that the polyurethane lens is more suitable than the borosilicate lens for correcting presbyopia. Polyurethane material lens gave a better eye performance in three distances, namely, farther, intermediate, and near than the borosilicate lens. Polyurethane lens could be used as trifocal while borosilicate work only as Bifocal lens. The Results suggested that by using only one polyurethane lens power with gradient refractive index and a variable conic for lens curvature in Zemax corrected the vision of distance, near and medium distances at one time.

Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Volume 1032,  conference 1

25/05/2018

15

Potential of Renewable Energy in Al-Fourat Al-Awsat: Al Najaf City Case Study

Ali Hadi Abdul Moneem

Khudier Najeem

Hashem Mahmood

Abeer Fares

This paper reviews an analytical study of the hybrid power generation system in the al Najaf city at Iraq Country. The design and analysis of optimum choice to supply specific load (Renewable Energy center) building in the al Najaf city. The steps of this project consist of the measuring and collection of the basic meteorological data of solar radiation for al Najaf city, renewable energy software HOMER used for developing off-grid and on-grid system optimization simulation models. The simulation model has been used to find out the best result optimization based on energy efficient system for the specific load and taking into account costs and environmental emissions. Two reference models used to compare the costs and environmental impact. The optimization results indicate that the appropriate system for al Najaf Renewable energy center is consists of (81 kW PV, 58 kW Converter and 108 kW Grid) which have good components with the city requirements, this system would be cause reduction in CO2 by (174.38%) percentage.

Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Volume 1032,  conference 2

26/05/2018

16

Optical modeling and analysis of polyurethane lens to correct presbyopia by using Zemax program

Ali Hadi Abdul Moneem

Rajaa Abdulameer

Maha. R. Abdul-Hussein

This study aims to design an optical system based on the model of Liu & Brennan by using Zemax EE2006 program. This model was selected because it more accurately reflects anatomical and visual data as compared to the physiological eye model. Polyurethane lens (Pu) is designed for patients with presbyopia patients by using multi-configuration function in Zemax. According to human eye structure, three distances were defined, namely, far (10.0+09mm), middle (1000mm), and near (500mm), to simulate the position of the body, investigate the difference in image received by the eye, and determine the effect of visual defect on image quality. Several techniques have been adopted in the Zemax program to evaluate the visual design efficiency and the magnitude of the difference in the image before and after lens insertion. Results showed that bi-focal polyurethane lens exhibited good performance for far and intermediate distances.

Journal University of Kerbala

Vol.16, No.1

18 Feb

17

Evaluate the image quality and the optimum aberration balance for an optical system with different apertures

Ali Hadi Abdul Moneem

Gada Sabah Kareem

Abbas S. Al-Saedi

The image of incoherently illuminated point object (Point Spread Function) will be analysed theoretically for
imaging system with different apertures. Both free and defocused systems were considered. A new formula has been
derived for determination of the PSF by integration over different square size pupil apertures. Our studies show that the
optimum balance for square aperture with half diagonal =1 gives a best Strehl ratio, while the resolution of square aperture
with area =π have a higher resolution, and the tolerance of the different aperture solved analytically.

Journal of Engineering and Applied science

Vol.32, No.1

17 Dec

18

Third order nonlinear properties of  Rhodamine B dye doped PVA  polymer determined by  Eclipsing z-scan

Ali Hadi Abdul Moneem

Gada Sabah Kareem

AIP conference procediu

1968

18 Apr

19

Enhancement of Lithium Niobate nanophotonic structures via spin-coating technique for optical waveguides application

ا.م.د. مكرم عبد المطلب فخري

ا.م.د. محمد حليم وحيد

م. بان عبد المسيح بدر

م.د. سعاد محمود كاظم

ا.م.د. ايفان طارق سالم

ا.د. عودا هاشم محمد

Zaid T. Salim

This work is dedicated to investigation of temperature effects in Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) nanostructures. The LiNbO3 nanostructures were deposited on glass substrate by spin-coating technique. LiNbO3 was set down at 3000 rpm for 30 sec and annealed from 100 to 600 °C. The structures were characterized and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultra-violet visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer. The measured results have showed that by increasing annealing temperatures, the structures start to be more crystallized and be more homogenized until the optimum arrangement was achieved. Once this was accomplished, it’s applicable for optical waveguides development. Eventually, it starts to be less crystallization and non-homogeneous. Energy gap was recorded to be at average value of 3.9 eV.

International Conference on Applied Photonics and Electronics

Vol.162 – Issue EPJ Web Conf.

22\11\2017

20

The Structure and Optical Properties of Lithium Niobate Grown on Quartz for Photonics Application

ا.م.د. مكرم عبد المطلب فخري

م.د. سعاد محمود كاظم

ا.م.د. محمد حليم وحيد

م. بان عبد المسيح بدر

ا.م.د. ايفان طارق سالم

ا.د. عودا هاشم محمد

Zaid T. Salim

This paper focuses on the structure and optical properties of Lithium niobate (LN) deposited on quartz substrate by sol-gel method. The solution was prepared at different molarity concentration and annealed at 500 °C. The LNs were analyzed by UV-visible, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results show that as the molar concentration increases, the films crystallization becomes more atomically distributed and the energy band gap approaches 4 eV. Transmission spectra were taken in the wavelength range of 400-1100 nm. Hexagonal structure was observed with good atoms distribution and homogeneous crystallization. There were two phases of LNs recorded in this work.

International Conference on Applied Photonics and Electronics

Vol.162 – Issue EPJ Web Conf.

22\11\2018

30

Optical investigations and optical constant of nano lithium niobate deposited by spray pyrolysis technique with injection of Li2CO3 and Nb2O5 as raw materials

ا.م.د. مكرم عبد المطلب فخري

ا.م.د. ايفان طارق سالم

ا.م.د. محمد حليم وحيد

ا.د. عودا هاشم محمد

Zaid T. Salim

This paper explored physical properties of LiNbO3 thin films that was deposited on quartz substrate employing spray pyrolysis technique. New raw materials were exploited as the precursor compounds. The films were annealed at different annealing temperatures, i.e. room temperature to 600 °C. The LiNbO3 are characterized and analyzed by the FESEM, AFM, X-ray diffraction and analyzed by UV–Visible and photoluminescence. The optical properties were analyzed by ultra violet- visible (UV–Visible) and photoluminescence measurements. The results indicated that the orientation of films crystallization and the grain size decreased with the increment of annealed temperatures. Energy band gap was recorded approximately 3.9 eV. The transmission efficiency was found to be in the range of 43–78%. Refractive index was observed from 2.02 to 2.43. Optical conductivity increased from 1.8 × 104 to 2.4 × 104 (s−1). The real and imaginary components of dielectric constants (εr, εi), and Urbach energy decreased with higher annealing temperature.

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics

Vol.29 , No. 11

18 June

31

OPTICAL INVESTIGATIONS AND OPTICAL CONSTANTS OF NANO SILVER OXIDE PREPARED BY PLD METHOD

ا.م.د. اياد زوين محمد

ا.م.د. مكرم عبد المطلب فخري

م. بان عبد المسيح بدر

Farah G. Khalid

ا.م. اسيل عبد الامسر شغاتي

High purity Ag2O (silver Oxide) thin films with high transparent conductive properties will be deposited
successfully by reactive pulsed laser deposition method. The Optical property shows a high transparency reached to about
(90) % and found to decreases sharply with decreasing of laser fluency. The optical energy band gap of the deposited film
at the optimum prepared condition is around 3.46eV. The prepared samples were analyzed using the UV-visible and
photoluminescence. The results give an indication that the deposited films crystallize to be more regular in the distribution
of atoms, and the energy band gap approaches 3.47 eV when the laser fluency decrease. The optical investigations and
constant of the energy band gap, the refractive index, and the extinction coefficient were also elaborated.

Science.Intnational.(Lahore)

vol. 30, issue1

24\2\2018

32

Stirrer time effect on optical properties of nanophotonic LiNbO3

ا.م.د. يعرب عبد الرحمن الدوري

ا.م.د. مكرم عبد المطلب فخري

A. Bouhemadou d

R. Khenata e

M. Ameri f

Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) nanostructures are synthesized on n-silicon substrate by spin coating technique with stirrer times; 8 h, 24 h and 48 h. LiNbO3 is characterized and analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-visible and Photoluminescence (PL). The measurements show that as stirrer time increases, the structures start to crystallize to become more regular distribution, which helps to apply in optical waveguides. In addition, the calculated refractive index and optical dielectric constant are in agreement with experimental data.

Materials Chemistry and Physics

Volume 203

01/01/2018

33

Effect of stirring time on the structural parameters of nanophotonic LiNbO3 deposited by spin-coating technique

ا.م.د. يعرب عبد الرحمن الدوري

ا.م.د. مكرم عبد المطلب فخري

م.د. هونك جن فون

, N. Badi

Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) photonic crystals are deposited on quartz substrate by using spin coating technique. The mixture is prepared with different stirring time (8 h, 24 h, 48 h). The LiNbO3 nanostructures are analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The results show that as mixing time increases, the XRD starts to become structurallymore regular and high crystallization, therefroe it is found that the best mixing time was 48 h related to ideal syntheiss. The effect of different annealing temperatures (400, 500, and 600 °C) on the structural properties is elaborated studied towards finding ideal conditions for the preparation of optical waveguides

Optik

Volume 156

18 Mar

34

Annealing temperature effect on structural and morphological properties of nano photonic LiNbO3

ا.م.د. مكرم عبد المطلب فخري

ا.م.د. ايفان طارق سالم

ا.د. عودا هاشم محمد

م. احمد وائل عبد الوهاب

Zaid T. Salim

In this work, thermal annealing processes was depended in order to prepare (Δ) phase LiNbO3 and the properties of nanostructure films was characterized. The sol–gel method was used to grow and deposit high purity Lithium-Niobate Nano and Micro-structure on a quartz substrate, at three different annealing temperatures. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of grown films have been investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, optical study through Raman spectroscopy, UV–Vis and Photoluminescence. The measurements showed that the structure was crystalline in nature and the grains are regularly distributed within the film as a result of increasing the annealing temperature. This observation is typically used in optical waveguides and other optoelectronics applications.

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics

Volume 28, Issue 22

17 Nov

35

Some physical properties of Nb2O5 thin films prepared using nobic acid based colloidal suspension at room temperature

ا.م.د. ايفان طارق سالم

Jehan Admon Saimon

ا.م.د. جيهان ادمون سايمون

م.م. مروة قاسم عبود

This work presents the successful preparation of niobium pentoxide micro structures thin films at room temperature. A chemical colloidal suspension was deposited employing Spin coating method. Nb2O5 thin films were prepared at two different thicknesses before and after ultrasonic vibration processes. Optical, structural, and morphological properties were studied. An enhanced crystalline structure with bigger grain size at both thicknesses was obtained after ultrasonic process; this was ensured by SEM results. The energy gap of the prepared films was estimated and found to be about (2.81, 2.42) eV for (T1 = 325 nm) and (2.59, 2.32) eV at the second thickness (T2 = 425 nm). The I–V characteristic study of prepared heterojunction on silicon substrate show an increase in the rectification ratio after the ultrasonic vibrational process for both thicknesses.

Materials Research Express

Volume 4,  Number 10

17 Dec

36

Optical properties of micro and nano LiNbO3 thin film prepared by spin coating

ا.م.د. مكرم عبد المطلب فخري

ا.م.د. ايفان طارق سالم

م. احمد وائل عبد الوهاب

ا.د. عودا هاشم محمد

Zaid T. Salim

This paper deals with preparing of Lithium-Niobate thin films based on Sol-Gel technique on a substrate made of quartz, samples have been deposited under three different stirrer times. At 3000 round per minute of spin coating strategy, the deposition processes have been accomplished. The results showed an enhancement in the crystalline structure of the prepared samples with increasing the duration of stirrer time. The AFM measurement has assured that the structure of the prepared samples is more regular distributed, homogeneous and crack-free in their structures. Further, measurements and calculations of lattice constant, energy band gap, refractive index, and optical dielectric constant are also considered and agreed with experimental data collected by the characterized samples.

Optics & Laser Technology

Volume 103

18 July

37

Characteristics of chirped fiber bragg grating dispersion compensator utilizing two apodization profiles

ا.م.د. عبد الله خضير عباس

م.د. مظفر حسين علي

م.د شيماء رياض محمد

Journal of Communications

13(3)

18 March

38

Broadband optical frequency comb generator based on driving N-cascaded modulators by Gaussian-shaped waveform

ا.م.د. جاسم كاظم حمود

ا.د. سليمان وادي هارون

A new approach for realizing a wideband optical frequency comb (OFC) generator based on driving cascaded modulators by a Gaussian-shaped waveform, is proposed and numerically demonstrated. The setup includes N-cascaded MZMs, a single Gaussian-shaped waveform generator, and N-1 electrical time delayer. The first MZM is driven directly by a Gaussian-shaped waveform, while delayed replicas of the Gaussian-shaped waveform drive the other MZMs. An analytical model that describes the proposed OFC generator is provided to study the effect of number and chirp factor of cascaded MZM as well as pulse width on output spectrum. Optical frequency combs at frequency spacing of 1 GHz are generated by applying Gaussian-shaped waveform at pulse widths ranging from 200 to 400 ps. Our results reveal that, the number of comb lines is inversely proportional to the pulse width and directly proportional to both number and chirp factor of cascaded MZMs. At pulse width of 200 ps and chirp factor of 4, 67 frequency lines can be measured at output spectrum of two-cascaded MZMs setup. Whereas, increasing the number of cascaded stages to 3, 4, and 5, the optical spectra counts 89, 109 and 123 frequency lines; respectively. When the delay time is optimized, 61 comb lines can be achieved with power fluctuations of less than 1 dB for five-cascaded MZMs setup.

Optical Fiber Technology

Volume 42

18 May

39

Experimental investigation for corrosion inhibition of mild steel in hydrochloric acid bath by 3-﴾﴾5-phenyl-1,3-thiadiazol-2-yl﴿imion﴿-2-oxoindoline

ا.م.د. عبد الهادي كاظم جدران

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics

Volume 29, Issue 6,

18 Mar

40

LASER INDUCED FORWARD TRANSFER OF In2O3:ZnO: AU NANOCOMPOSITE THIN FILM FOR GAS SENSITIVITY APPLICATION

ا.م.د. عبد الهادي كاظم جدران

ا.د. فرح طارق محمد نوري

N. D. Hamza

Indium Oxide(In2O3) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were mixed carefully with gold nanoparticles which
was synthesis by turkevich method with particles size ranged of (73.74 nm ).Different concentration from these chemical
compounds were used to preformed nanocomposite thin films of thickness of (250-300) nm by using spray pyrolysis
method. The morphlogical properties were studied for all nanocomposite thin film samples with different concentrations.
SEM results showed that all characteristics of samples in the nano scale. This work has been extended to study the FTIR
properties, which included the transmission spectrum for all samples, the result showed two main broad metal oxygen
bands. Finally the measurements of the gas sensor showed that the sensitivity increased when the gold nanoparticles
concentration increasing.

ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

VOL. 12, NO. 23

17 Nov

41

ENHANCEMENT OF THE CORROSION RESISTANCE FOR 6009 ALUMINUM ALLOY BY LASER TREATMENT

ا.م.د. عبد الهادي كاظم جدران

م.د. سعاد محمود كاظم

حسين عبد الاله

Using laser in modifying the surfaces of various materials is an important topic in the present time. The type of alloy used in this investigation was 6009Al alloy. Laser has been used as inhibitor to reduce the corrosion rate by using Q-switching Nd: YAG Laser (with changing energy of laser and fixing other parameters) under laser shock peening (LSP) technique for 6009 AA in hydrochloric acid with concentration of 1 M and the immersion time of 30 minutes at room temperature. The corrosion rate was calculated by using the polarization method. The corrosion rate decreased from (0.366 to 0.016) mm/yr before and after using LSP, respectively. Therefore, this study aims to reduce the corrosion rate that occurs in 6009 Al alloy.

Kufa Journal of Engineering

Vol.9 , No.2

18 April

42

Effect of CO2Laser and Casein Phosphopeptide- Amorphous Calcium Phosphate paste on Morphological and Chemical Changes of Initial Caries-Like Lesion of Permanent Teeth

ا.م.د. كاظم عبد حبيتر

Baydaa A. Yas

Shahad L. Al-Ansari

The irradiation of teeth with laser in combination with remineralizing agent revealed higher caries resistance. This studyaims to investigate the effect of laser and CPP-ACP agent in remineralizing initial caries-like lesion using SEM and EDS analysis. Twenty four teeth (upper first premolar) were divided into control and study groups, the study group was
subdivided into five groups (pH_cycling, laser, CPP-ACP, CPP-ACP followed by laser, Laser followed by CPP-ACP), each group included four teeth, one for SEM and three for EDS analysis. Surface temperature change equation was used to determine the maximum power that enhances morphological and chemical changes in the enamel surface without thermal damage. For both calcium and phosphorus the mean atomic percentages were reduced after demineralization (pH_cycling), then after the application of laser both calcium and phosphorus revealed slight reduction. After application of remineralizing agent (CPP-ACP) both calcium and phosphorus the mean atomic percentages increased and further increase of both calcium and phosphorus the mean atomic percentages was recorded when a combination of CPP-ACP
and laser was used. A maximum increase of the mean atomic percentage of both elements was recorded when the laser was applied first followed by CPP-ACP agent. The combination of laser therapy followed by CPP-ACP application is recommended as efficient preventive measure for remineralizing initial caries – like lesion in permanent teeth. Also the use of 0.852 watt for 5 seconds was efficient in enhancing morphological and chemical changes in the enamel surface without thermal damage.

international journal of Mechanical and production Engineering reaserach and development

Vol.8, Issue 2

18 June

43

An Accurate System to Measure the Diabetic Retinopathy Using SVM Classifier

ا.م.د. رازي جبر شغيث

م.د. كريم هاشم كريدي

Rasha Asaad Kamil

The image processing and data mining techniques
are commonly utilized in the engineering and medical science
fields. In this system, the role of bag-of-words (BOW) approach
and data mining techniques is automatically investigated in the
diagnosis of retinopathy diabetes. For feature extraction, the
speed-up robust features (SURF) algorithm and the BOW are
used to store these features as a dictionary. The multiclass
support vector machine (SVM) with redial basis function (RBF)
kernel is used to classify the retinal images into their grading.
The proposed system was tested on the publicly available
MESSIDOR dataset. Finally, the discrimination system was
evaluated by the confusion matrix. Results were then
summarized as follows; the result of the contour representation
to obtain a region of interest (ROI) for the retinal structure
founded of all dataset has been 100%. The averages of the
accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for the overall proposed
system have been 94%, 91% and 93%, respectively.

Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola

Vol.33, No.1

18 Dec

44

Evaluation Methodology between Globalization and Localization Features Approaches for Skin Cancer Lesions Classification

ا.م.د. رازي جبر شغيث

م.د. عباس عبد العزيز عبد الحميد

H M Ahmed

Huge efforts have been put in the developing of diagnostic methods to skin cancer disease. In this paper, two different approaches have been addressed for detection the skin cancer in dermoscopy images. The first approach uses a global method that uses global features for classifying skin lesions, whereas the second approach uses a local method that uses local features for classifying skin lesions. The aim of this paper is selecting the best approach for skin lesion classification. The dataset has been used in this paper consist of 200 dermoscopy images from Pedro Hispano Hospital (PH2). The achieved results are; sensitivity about 96%, specificity about 100%, precision about 100%, and accuracy about 97% for globalization approach while, sensitivity about 100%, specificity about 100%, precision about 100%, and accuracy about 100% for Localization Approach, these results showed that the localization approach achieved acceptable accuracy and better than globalization approach for skin cancer lesions classification.

Journal of Physics: Conf. Series

Volume 1003,  conference 1

17 Dec

45

Modeling  of Continues Laser Welding  for Ti-6Al-4V Alloys Using COMSOL Multi physics software

حنين عبد الله سلمان

ا.م.د. كاظم عبد حبيتر

د.مهند محمد حسين

A model for laser welding process using finite element method, the model was used for this work using the COMSOL Multiphysics software to predict the distribution of the temperature in the joint and to show the four welding zones (the melting zone, partial melting zone, zone affected by heat, and the material base). CO2 continues (CW) Laser used in the model welding thin sheets of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. The results of this simulation work have been compared with the experimental works to show good agreement.

Engineering and Technology Journal

Vol.36, No.8

18 Aug

46

Study on Enhancing Mechanical Properties of Tin Bronze Alloy Using Laser Technique

ا.م.د. اياد زوين محمد

This work aims to find low-cost ways and means to improve some special characteristics of the samples used. Tin bronze samples were prepared and machined with dimensions of 15mm×15mm×20 mm for surface roughness and micro hardness tests and machined as two cylindrical bars with diameters of 20 and 15 mm and length of 170 mm for torsion test. Laser shock processing by Nd-YAG laser with wavelength of 532 nm and transparent confinement layer was used to modify the sample surface to improve the surface roughness and micro hardness .The enhancement of torsion strength was achieved by Nd-YAG laser treatment without confinement layer. Different exposure times and laser effect distances were used to achieve the purpose of this work. The torsion strength results exhibited that the values increased with percentage of 44% at the best case, whereas the values of surface roughness increased by twofold. Finally the laser treatment improved the micro hardness by 53%.

The International Journal of nanoelectronics and

Vol.11, No.4

18 Oct

47

Optical and structural properties of ZnO:Au Nanocomposite thin films

ا.د. فرح طارق محمد نوري

ا.م.د. عبد الهادي كاظم جدران

N.D.Hamza

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were mixed carefully with gold (Au) nanoparticles. These chemical-compounds were used to make nanocomposite thin films by using the technique of spray pyrolysis. This work studies the XRD spectra of nanocomposite thin film of ZnO:Au,
there two peaks with the orientation of (100) and (002) for the ZnO nanoparticles were found at 2θ = 31.5582 and 34.1617, which are specified by the reference of ZnO powder diffraction of card number (96-901-1663), and one peak with (111) orientation of gold nanoparticles at 2θ = 38.5799 by the reference of Au powder diffraction of card number
(96-901-2431) was found. The AFM images of ZnO, Au and ZnO:Au nanocomposite thin films showed that all the specimens have a grainy nature. The results of optical properties were clearly demonstrated that when the wavelength increases the transmission increases, while the absorption coefficient, attenuation coefficient and energy gap decreases. Finally the dielectric constant measurements proved that real part dielectric constant and imaginary part dielectric constant of all trials decreases rapidly when the frequency is increasing.

International Journal of Nanoelectronics and Materials

Vol.11, No.3

18 July